Identify suitable candidates for transforaminal endoscopic discectomy at L4-5, including analyzing multiple patient factors such as clinical, radiographic, and anatomical ones;
Discern the foraminal anatomy, critical anatomical structures in the foramen, lateral recess, and spinal canal, and maintain clear spatial orientation of all three planes (x,y,z) during surgery;
Plan and execute the placement of instruments in the correct trajectory using intraoperative imaging, understand effective patient positioning, and provide appropriate postoperative care.