High volt galvanic stimulation (HVGS), transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Ultrasound, Diathermy, Superficial Heat, Cryotherapy, Lasers, among others, all reside within the category of electrothermal modalities. These methods of treatment are used to alter soft tissue temperatures or to influence subcutaneous cellular activity to enhance vascularity, tissue flexibility and local nutrition.

These types of treatment modalities are often used to enhance a multi-faceted care plan rather than being used independently and exclusively. They are typically used in a passive manner for a duration of 5 – 30 minutes, depending on the type of treatment used, intensity of application, and stage of healing.